:root{color-scheme:light;--bg: #faf9f7;--surface: #ffffff;--surface-raised: #f6f5f2;--ink: #15171c;--body: #3b414d;--muted: #5a6270;--subtle: #67707e;--line: #e6e3de;--line-strong: #d6d2ca;--accent: #14509b;--accent-hover: #0d3b76;--accent-soft: #edf2fa;--code-bg: #ffffff;--code-line: #e6e3de;--code-ink: #3b414d;--quote-bg: #f3f1ed;--selection: #d3e2f7;--focus: var(--accent);--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgb(21 23 28 / .04);--shadow-md: 0 12px 32px rgb(21 23 28 / .08);--radius-xs: .25rem;--radius-sm: .375rem;--radius-md: .5rem;--radius-lg: .75rem;--radius-pill: 999px;--border: 1px;--border-strong: 2px;--space-1: .25rem;--space-2: .5rem;--space-3: .75rem;--space-4: 1rem;--space-5: 1.5rem;--space-6: 2rem;--space-7: 3rem;--space-8: 4rem;--space-9: 5rem;--space-10: 6rem;--section-y: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);--section-y-lg: clamp(4rem, 8vw, 7rem);--gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);--container-wide: 100rem;--container-home: 82.5rem;--container-header: 87.5rem;--container-headline: 100%;--container-dek: 62.5rem;--container-hero: 100%;--container-content: 48rem;--container-prose: 47.5rem;--toc-width-expanded: 15rem;--toc-width-collapsed: 3.5rem;--toc-width: var(--toc-width-expanded);--toc-gap: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 3rem);--font-display: "Newsreader", Georgia, "Iowan Old Style", "Times New Roman", serif;--font-body: "Inter", ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI Variable Text", "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;--font-mono: "Cascadia Code", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", "JetBrains Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;--weight-normal: 400;--weight-medium: 500;--weight-semi: 600;--weight-bold: 700;--leading-display: 1.03;--leading-heading: 1.2;--leading-snug: 1.45;--leading-body: 1.6;--leading-prose: 1.75;--tracking-display: -.021em;--tracking-tight: -.014em;--tracking-wide: .1em;--text-2xs: .75rem;--text-xs: .845rem;--text-sm: .9rem;--text-base: .95rem;--text-body: 1.075rem;--text-lede: clamp(1.12rem, 1.03rem + .38vw, 1.3rem);--text-display-article: clamp(2.35rem, 1.6rem + 2.6vw, 3rem);--text-display-hero: clamp(2.3rem, 1.5rem + 3.4vw, 4rem);--text-h2: clamp(1.55rem, 1.3rem + 1.05vw, 2.1rem);--text-h3: clamp(1.15rem, 1.06rem + .38vw, 1.32rem);--text-h4: 1.05rem;--text-section: clamp(1.45rem, 1.25rem + .75vw, 1.9rem);--text-card: clamp(1.25rem, 1.1rem + .6vw, 1.55rem);--text-card-featured: clamp(1.6rem, 1.35rem + 1.1vw, 2.2rem);--ease-standard: cubic-bezier(.32, .72, .3, 1);--ease-emphasized: cubic-bezier(.2, .8, .2, 1);--duration-fast: .13s;--duration-normal: .22s;--duration-slow: .35s;--ease: var(--ease-standard);--dur-fast: var(--duration-fast);--dur: var(--duration-normal);--header-h: 3.5rem}:root[data-toc=collapsed]{--toc-width: var(--toc-width-collapsed)}:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--bg: #111010;--surface: #191817;--surface-raised: #151414;--ink: #f2f0ed;--body: #c6c3bd;--muted: #9d9a94;--subtle: #8d8a85;--line: #2a2827;--line-strong: #3a3836;--accent: #93b2f5;--accent-hover: #bccdf8;--accent-soft: #1a1f2b;--code-bg: #0b0b0b;--code-line: #272524;--code-ink: #c6c3bd;--quote-bg: #171615;--selection: #243550;--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .35);--shadow-md: 0 14px 34px rgb(0 0 0 / .4)}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--body);font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:1rem;font-synthesis:none;line-height:var(--leading-body);overflow-wrap:break-word;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}::selection{background:var(--selection);color:var(--ink)}img,svg,video{max-width:100%}img{height:auto}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-tight);line-height:var(--leading-heading);text-wrap:balance}p{text-wrap:pretty}a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-thickness:.06em;text-underline-offset:.2em;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease),text-decoration-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover)}:where(a,button,input,summary,[tabindex]):focus-visible{border-radius:var(--radius-xs);outline:var(--border-strong) solid var(--focus);outline-offset:3px}button{font:inherit}:where(a,button,summary,.topic-chip):active{transition-duration:0ms}[hidden]{display:none!important}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}.skip-link{position:fixed;z-index:100;top:var(--space-2);left:var(--space-2);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-4);border:var(--border) solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--surface);box-shadow:var(--shadow-md);color:var(--ink);font-size:var(--text-sm);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);text-decoration:none;transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 1.5rem));transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)}.skip-link:focus-visible{transform:translateY(0)}.eyebrow,.section-kicker,.topics-label,.share-actions-label,.author-card-kicker{margin:0;color:var(--subtle);font-size:var(--text-2xs);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-wide);text-transform:uppercase}.button-link,.hero-link{display:inline-flex;min-height:2.75rem;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);color:var(--accent);font-size:var(--text-base);font-weight:var(--weight-medium);text-decoration:none}.button-link span,.hero-link span{transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)}.button-link:hover span,.hero-link:hover span{transform:translate(.2rem)}.button-link:hover,.hero-link:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.35em}.site-header{position:sticky;z-index:20;top:0;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bg) 86%,transparent);backdrop-filter:blur(10px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px)}.site-header:after{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;height:1px;background:var(--line);content:""}.nav{display:flex;width:min(100% - var(--gutter) * 2,var(--container-wide));min-height:var(--header-h);align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-5);margin-inline:auto}.brand{display:inline-flex;min-width:max-content;align-items:center;gap:.55rem;color:var(--ink);font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:-.02em;text-decoration:none;transition:opacity var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.brand:hover{color:var(--ink);opacity:.68}.brand-mark{display:grid;width:1.6rem;height:1.6rem;flex:none;place-items:center;border-radius:var(--radius-xs);background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:var(--weight-semi);line-height:1}.nav-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2)}.nav-links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-1)}.nav-links a{position:relative;display:inline-flex;min-height:2.5rem;align-items:center;padding-inline:var(--space-3);color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);font-weight:var(--weight-medium);text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.nav-links a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.nav-links a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink);font-weight:var(--weight-semi)}.nav-links a[aria-current=page]:after{position:absolute;bottom:.45rem;left:50%;width:.3rem;height:.3rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);content:"";transform:translate(-50%)}.theme-toggle{display:inline-grid;width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;flex:none;place-items:center;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:transparent;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease),background var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.theme-toggle:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 6%,transparent);color:var(--ink)}.theme-toggle svg{grid-area:1 / 1;width:1.05rem;height:1.05rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.7}:root[data-theme=dark] .theme-toggle-sun,:root:not([data-theme=dark]) .theme-toggle-moon{display:none}.hero,.topics,.article-list{width:min(100% - var(--gutter) * 2,var(--container-home));margin-inline:auto}.hero{padding:clamp(3rem,7vw,5.5rem) 0 clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem)}.hero-intro{display:grid;max-width:60rem;grid-template-columns:clamp(12rem,20vw,18rem) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4rem)}.profile-photo{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:4 / 5;border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-md);object-fit:cover;object-position:center 22%;transition:transform var(--duration-slow) var(--ease-emphasized)}.hero-copy{min-width:0;grid-column:2;grid-row:1}.hero h1{max-width:14ch;margin:var(--space-3) 0 0;font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-display-hero);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display);line-height:var(--leading-display)}.hero-lede{max-width:44ch;margin:var(--space-5) 0 0;color:var(--body);font-size:var(--text-lede);line-height:1.62;text-justify:inter-word;hyphens:auto;-webkit-hyphens:auto;hyphenate-limit-chars:7 3 3}@media(min-width:34rem){.hero-lede{text-align:justify}}.hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:0 var(--space-6);margin-top:var(--space-4)}.hero-link--quiet{color:var(--muted)}.hero-link--quiet:hover{color:var(--accent)}.topics{display:grid;gap:var(--space-4);padding:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4rem) 0 clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4rem);border-top:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.topics-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-2);padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.topics-list{gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-6)}.topic-chip{display:inline-flex;min-height:2.25rem;align-items:center;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;font-size:var(--text-md);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:transparent;text-underline-offset:.35em;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease),text-decoration-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.topic-chip:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-color:currentColor}.topic-chip[aria-pressed=true]{color:var(--ink);text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}.article-list{padding-bottom:var(--section-y-lg)}.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-5);padding-bottom:var(--space-4);border-bottom:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.section-heading h2,.recent-heading,.more-articles>h2{margin:var(--space-2) 0 0;font-size:var(--text-section);font-weight:var(--weight-bold);letter-spacing:-.026em}.article-search{width:min(100%,18rem)}.search-field{display:flex;min-height:2.5rem;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);padding-inline:var(--space-3);border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--surface);transition:border-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.search-field:focus-within{border-color:var(--line-strong)}.search-field svg{width:.95rem;height:.95rem;flex:none;fill:none;stroke:var(--subtle);stroke-linecap:round;stroke-width:1.8}.article-search input{width:100%;min-width:0;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:var(--text-sm);outline:0}.article-search input::placeholder{color:var(--subtle)}.search-summary{margin:var(--space-2) 0 0;color:var(--subtle);font-size:var(--text-xs);text-align:right}.featured-article{padding:var(--space-7) 0 var(--space-2)}.featured-article .section-kicker{margin-bottom:var(--space-4)}.recent-heading{margin:var(--space-8) 0 0;font-size:var(--text-h3)}.article-results{border-bottom:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.search-empty,.empty{padding:var(--space-6) 0;color:var(--muted)}.article-card{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:2.75rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:baseline;padding:var(--space-5) 0;border-top:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.article-index{color:var(--subtle);font-size:var(--text-2xs);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:.06em;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.article-card:hover .article-index{color:var(--accent)}.article-card-title{max-width:42ch;margin:0;font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-card);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display);line-height:1.22}.article-card-link{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.article-card-link:after{position:absolute;inset:0;content:""}.article-card:hover .article-card-link{color:var(--accent)}.article-card-link:focus-visible{outline:none}.article-card:has(.article-card-link:focus-visible){border-radius:var(--radius-sm);outline:var(--border-strong) solid var(--focus);outline-offset:6px}.article-card-description{max-width:58ch;margin:var(--space-3) 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-base);line-height:1.55}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured){grid-template-columns:2.5rem minmax(0,1fr) 15rem;gap:0 clamp(2rem,3vw,3rem);padding:var(--space-6) 0}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-index{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-card-body{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-card-media{grid-column:3;grid-row:1;align-self:start}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-card-media img{aspect-ratio:4 / 3}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-card-title{max-width:none}.article-card--lead:not(.article-card--featured) .article-card-description{display:-webkit-box;max-width:none;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.article-card--compact{padding:var(--space-4) 0}.article-card--compact .article-card-title{font-size:var(--text-h3);max-width:54ch}.article-card--compact .article-meta{margin-top:var(--space-2)}.article-card .article-meta{margin-top:var(--space-3)}.featured-article .article-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(2rem,4vw,4rem);padding:0;border-top:0}.featured-article .article-index{display:none}.featured-article .article-card-body{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.featured-article .article-card-media{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}.article-card-body{min-width:0}.article-card-media{order:2;overflow:hidden;border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:var(--quote-bg)}.article-card-media img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16 / 10;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .4s var(--ease)}.featured-article .article-card:hover .article-card-media img{transform:scale(1.015)}.article-card--featured .article-card-title{max-width:30ch;font-size:var(--text-card-featured);line-height:1.1}.article-card--featured .article-card-description{max-width:54ch;margin-bottom:var(--space-5);font-size:var(--text-body)}.article-card--featured .tag-list{margin-bottom:var(--space-4)}.article-card--featured .article-meta{margin-top:0}.tag-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-2);padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.tag-list li{color:var(--subtle);font-size:var(--text-xs)}.tag-list li+li:before{padding-right:var(--space-2);color:var(--line-strong);content:"·"}.post-footer .tag-list li{padding:.2rem .6rem;border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-pill);color:var(--muted)}.post-footer .tag-list li+li:before{content:none;padding:0}.article-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-1) .45rem;margin:var(--space-4) 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);line-height:1.5}.article-meta-sep{color:var(--line-strong)}.post{width:min(100% - var(--gutter) * 2,var(--container-wide));margin-inline:auto;padding-top:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,4.5rem)}.post-header{width:min(100%,var(--container-header))}.post-reading{display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--toc-width) minmax(0,calc(var(--container-prose) + var(--toc-gap))) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:start;transition:grid-template-columns var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-standard)}.post-body{min-width:0;padding-left:var(--toc-gap);border-left:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.prose,.post-footer{min-width:0}.post-header>:not(.post-hero,h1){max-width:var(--container-header)}.post-header{padding-bottom:var(--space-7)}.post-header>.lede{max-width:var(--container-dek)}.post-hero{max-width:var(--container-hero);margin:var(--space-6) 0 0;padding-top:var(--space-5);margin-bottom:0;border-top:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.post-hero img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16 / 9;border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:var(--quote-bg);object-fit:cover}.post-eyebrow{margin:0 0 var(--space-4);color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-2xs);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-wide);text-transform:uppercase}.post h1{max-width:var(--container-headline);margin:0;font-family:var(--font-display);font-size:var(--text-display-article);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1;text-wrap:balance}.lede{max-width:var(--container-dek);margin:var(--space-5) 0 0;color:var(--body);font-size:var(--text-lede);line-height:1.6}.post-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-4);margin-top:var(--space-7)}.post-meta-author{color:var(--ink);font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:-.015em}.post-meta .article-meta{margin:0;font-size:var(--text-sm)}.breadcrumbs{margin:0 0 var(--space-6);color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm)}.breadcrumbs ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25rem;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.breadcrumbs li{display:flex;min-width:0;align-items:center}.breadcrumbs li+li:before{padding-right:.25rem;color:var(--line-strong);content:"/"}.breadcrumbs a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.breadcrumbs a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.breadcrumbs [aria-current=page]{max-width:min(40ch,55vw);overflow:hidden;color:var(--muted);text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.share-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-4);margin-top:var(--space-5)}.share-actions-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--space-1)}.share-actions a,.share-actions button{display:inline-grid;width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;place-items:center;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:transparent;color:var(--subtle);cursor:pointer;transition:background var(--dur-fast) var(--ease),color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease)}.share-actions a:hover,.share-actions button:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 6%,transparent);color:var(--ink)}.share-actions svg{width:1.05rem;height:1.05rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.7}.share-actions-copy-check,.share-actions [data-copy-link][data-copied=true] .share-actions-copy-icon{display:none}.share-actions [data-copy-link][data-copied=true] .share-actions-copy-check{display:block}.share-actions [data-copy-link][data-copied=true]{color:var(--accent)}.toc{position:sticky;isolation:isolate;top:calc(var(--header-h) + 2rem);max-height:calc(100vh - var(--header-h) - 4rem);justify-self:stretch;width:100%;padding-right:var(--space-4);overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-width:thin}.toc summary{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-2);margin:0 0 var(--space-4);padding-right:2rem;color:var(--subtle);cursor:pointer;font-size:var(--text-2xs);font-weight:var(--weight-semi);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-wide);list-style:none;text-transform:uppercase}.toc summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.toc-chevron{width:1rem;height:1rem;flex:none;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.8;transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)}.toc-panel[open] .toc-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}.toc ol{display:grid;padding:0;margin:0;border-left:var(--border) solid var(--line);list-style:none}.toc a{display:block;padding:.3rem 0 .3rem var(--space-4);margin-left:-1px;border-left:var(--border-strong) solid transparent;color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);line-height:1.5;text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-standard),border-color var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-standard),padding-left var(--duration-normal) var(--ease-emphasized)}.toc 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.toc-panel{display:none}:root[data-toc=collapsed] .toc{padding-right:0}:root[data-toc=collapsed] .toc-collapse{right:auto;left:0}@media(max-width:72rem){.post-reading{display:block}.post-body{padding-left:0;border-left:0}.toc{position:static;max-height:none;width:100%;margin:0 0 var(--space-6);padding-right:0;overflow:visible;mask-image:none}.toc-panel{display:block;border:var(--border) solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:var(--surface)}.toc summary{margin:0;padding:var(--space-4);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;font-size:var(--text-xs);pointer-events:auto}.toc-panel[open] summary{border-bottom:var(--border) solid var(--line)}.toc ol{padding:var(--space-3) var(--space-4);border-left:0}.toc a{padding-left:0;margin-left:0;border-left:0}.toc a[aria-current=true]{color:var(--accent);padding-left:0}.toc-nested a{padding-left:var(--space-4)}.toc-foot,.toc-collapse{display:none}.toc-chevron{display:revert}}